From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of ruling political parties by country , in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.
The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament . It generally forms the central government .
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Afghanistan
One-party [ a]
Taliban
None; see 2021 takeover
Abkhazia
Multi-party
Independents , Amtsakhara Aitaira
2020 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Åland
Multi-party
Liberals , Centre , Social Democrats ObS , Moderate Coalition Sustainable Initiative
2023 (legislative)
Albania
Multi-party
Socialist Party of Albania , PSD PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR , PDIU , PAA , PLL , LZHK , PBDNJ ), PL , PM
2021 (parliament)
Alderney
Non-partisan
Independents
2024 (general)
Algeria
Multi-party
National Liberation Front , RND , Future Front , El-Bina MSP , LP, FBG , FDJ , EFED , PLJ , Jil Jadid , FAN , El Karama , FNA , FFS
2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Andorra
Multi-party
Democrats for Andorra , Committed Citizens , Action , Liberals Concord , Social Democratic Party , Andorra Forward
2023 (parliament)
Angola
Dominant-party
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola UNITA , PRS , FNLA , PHA
2022 (general)
Anguilla
Two-party
Anguilla Progressive Movement Anguilla United Front
2020 (general)
Dominant-party
Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party United Progressive Party , Barbuda People's Movement
2023 (general)
Argentina
Multi-party
La Libertad Avanza , Republican Proposal , MID , Independence , CREO Union for the Homeland , UCR , HCF , IF , CC–ARI , FIT–Unidad , SER , PyT , MPN
2023 (general) 2021 (legislative)
Armenia
Multi-party
Civil Contract , United Labour Party Armenia Alliance (ARF , independents) , I Have Honor Alliance (RPA , independents)
2021 (parliament)
Aruba
Multi-party
People's Electoral Movement , RAIZ AVP , Aruban Sovereignty Movement , RED , Accion 21
2021 (general)
Ascension
Non-partisan
Independents
2022 (general)
Australia
Multi-party
Labor Party Coalition (Liberal , National ) (off. opp. ) , Greens , Centre , KAP , One Nation , AV , JLN , UAP
2022 (federal)
Austria
Multi-party
Austrian People's Party , The Greens Freedom Party , Social Democratic Party , NEOS
2024 (legislative)
Azerbaijan
Dominant-party
New Azerbaijan Party , VHP , BAP , AVP , AMİP , ADMP , BQP ƏHD , REAL , MCP , DİP
2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Bahamas
Two-party
Progressive Liberal Party Free National Movement
2021 (general)
Bahrain
Dominant-party
Pro-monarchy independents , Al Rabitah , Gathering of National Unity Progressive Democratic Tribune
2022 (general)
Bangladesh
Multi-party
Transitional non-partisan government Legislature dissolved , Awami League
2024 (general) See also: 2024 revolution
Barbados
Two-party
Barbados Labour Party Democratic Labour Party
2022 (general)
Belarus
Dominant-party
Belaya Rus , Independents , RPTS , Communist Party Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus [ b]
2020 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Belgium
Multi-party
PS , MR , Ecolo , CD&V , Open Vld , Groen , Vooruit N-VA , Vlaams Belang , PTB/PVDA , Les Engagés , DéFI
2024 (general)
Flanders
Multi-party
N-VA , Vooruit , CD&V VB , Open Vld , PVDA , Groen , TFA
2024 (parliament)
Wallonia
Multi-party
MR , LE PS , PTB , Ecolo
2024 (parliament)
Brussels
Multi-party
PS , Ecolo , DéFI , Groen , Open Vld , Vooruit MR , PTB/PVDA , LE , DierAnimal , N-VA , VB , CD&V , Agora
2024 (parliament)
German- speaking Community
Multi-party
ProDG , CSP , PFF Vivant , SP , Ecolo
2024 (parliament)
Belize
Two-party
People's United Party United Democratic Party
2020 (general)
Benin
Multi-party
Progressive Union for Renewal , Republican Bloc The Democrats
2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Bermuda
Two-party
Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance
2020 (general)
Bhutan
Two-party
People's Democratic Party Bhutan Tendrel Party
2023–24 (legislative)
Bolivia
Multi-party
Movement for Socialism Civic Community (FRI ), Creemos (PDC , UCS )
2020 (general)
Bonaire
Multi-party
Bonaire People's Movement Bonaire Democratic Party , Bonaire Patriotic Union
2023 (general)
Multi-party
SNSD , HDZ BiH , NiP , SDP BiH , DNS , NS , ZNG , DEMOS , US , BHI KF SDA , DF -Civic Alliance , SDS , PDP , NES , ZPR , NPD
2022 (general)
Botswana
Multi-party
Umbrella for Democratic Change , Botswana Patriotic Front BCP (official opposition) , Botswana Democratic Party
2024 (general)
Brazil
Multi-party
Brazil of Hope , PSD , MDB , PDT , PSB , PSOL-REDE , Avante , Solidarity PL , Brazil Union , PP , Republicans , PSDB-Cidadania , Podemos , PRD , NOVO
2022 (general)
Brunei
One-party
Independents No parliamentary opposition
No elections
Bulgaria
Multi-party
Caretaker non-partisan government GERB–SDS , PP–DB , Revival , DPS–NN , BSP–OL , APS , ITN , MECh
2021 (presidential) Oct 2024 (parliament)
Military junta
MPSR (civilian government suspended)
Sep 2022 coup d'état
Burundi
Dominant-party
National Council for the Defense of Democracy National Congress for Liberty , Union for National Progress
2020 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Cambodia
Dominant-party
Cambodian People's Party FUNCINPEC , Khmer Will Party
2023 (parliament)
Cameroon
Dominant-party
Cameroon People's Democratic Movement UNDP , SDF , CPNR , Cameroon Democratic Union , FNSC , MDR , USM
2018 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Canada
Multi-party
Liberal Party (minority) , New Democratic Party Conservative Party (main opposition) , Bloc Québécois , Green Party
2021 (federal)
Cape Verde
Multi-party
Movement for Democracy PAICV (president's party) , UCID
2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Cayman Islands
Two-party
United People's Movement People's Progressive Movement
2021 (general)
Dominant-party
United Hearts Movement Kwa Na Kwa , URCA , MLPC , MOUNI , RDC and others
2020–21 (general)
Chad
Dominant-party
Patriotic Salvation Movement Parliament dissolved , UNDR , URD , RNDT , FAR , Les Transformateurs
2024 (presidential)
Chile
Multi-party
Government Alliance (FA , PS , PCCh , PPD , PL , PR , AH , FREVS ), PDC Chile Vamos (UDI , RN , Evópoli ), PLR , PSC , Democrats , Amarillos
2021 (general)
China (PRC)
One-party
Chinese Communist Party , minor parties (CPWDP , JS , CDL , CAPD , CNDCA , RCCK , TDSL , CZGP )
2023 (congressional)
Hong Kong
Dominant-party
Pro-Beijing camp (DAB , FTU , BPA , NPP , LP , FEW , FLU , Roundtable , PP , KWND , NP , NCF ) Third Side , Pro-democracy camp
2021 (legislative) 2023 (local)
Macau
Dominant-party
Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM , UPD , UMG , UPP , ABL )Pro-democracy camp (NE ), Synergy Power
2021 (legislative)
Colombia
Multi-party
PHxC , PLC , AV , Colombia Reborn, ASI , Citizen Force, Commons CD , CR , LIGA , PVO , MIRA , PCC , PSUN , MSN , CJL
2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Comoros
Dominant-party
Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros Orange Party
2020 (legislative) 2024 (presidential)
Congo
Dominant-party
Congolese Party of Labour , MAR , RDPS UPADS , UDH-Yuki , MAR , PRL , Club 2002 , DRD , RDPS , APC , MUST , MDC, CPR , URDP, RC , MCDDI
2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
DR Congo
Multi-party
President: UDPS ; Parliament: Sacred Union of the Nation Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka Coalition [fr ] , Congo ya Makasi
2023 (general) 2024 (senate)
Multi-party
Cook Islands Party , Pro-government independentsDemocratic Party , Cook Islands United Party , One Cook Islands Movement
2022 (general)
Costa Rica
Multi-party
Social Democratic Progress Party (minority) PLN , PUSC , PNR , PLP , Broad Front
2022 (general)
Croatia
Multi-party
Croatian Democratic Union , DP , HDS , HSLS , HNS-LD , HSU SDP , Most , We can! , SDSS , Centre –NPS , Glas –HSS –DO i SIP , HS –PiP , IDS-DDI , Focus
2019–20 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Cuba
One-party
Communist Party of Cuba
2023 (parliament)
Curaçao
Multi-party
MFK , National People's Party PAR , Partido MAN , Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao
2021 (general)
Cyprus
Multi-party
Democratic Party , Democratic Alignment , EDEK Democratic Rally , AKEL , ELAM , KOSP
2023 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Multi-party
SPOLU (ODS , KDU-ČSL , TOP 09 ), Mayors and Independents ANO 2011 , Freedom and Direct Democracy , Czech Pirate Party
2021 (legislative) 2023 (presidential)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Denmark
Multi-party
Social Democrats , Venstre , Moderates , Union Party , JF , Siumut , IA Green Left , DD , Liberals , DKF , EL , RV , ALT , NB , DF
2022 (general)
Djibouti
Dominant-party
Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP , FRUD , PND , PSD , UPR )UDJ
2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Dominica
Dominant-party
Dominica Labour Party No parliamentary opposition , Team Unity Dominica , United Workers' Party
2022 (general)
Multi-party
PRM , FA , APD , DxC , PHD , BIS , PRSD , PQDC , PCR Dominican Liberation Party , FP , PRSC , PRD , ALPAÍS , PLR
2024 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
East Timor
Multi-party
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction , Democratic Party FRETILIN , KHUNTO , People's Liberation Party
2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Ecuador
Multi-party
National Democratic Action , Pachakutik RC , Construye , PSC , PID , SUMA , Avanza [es ] , PSP , RETO , CD , UP , AMIGO
2023 (general)
Egypt
Dominant-party
Independents, Nation's Future Party , RPP , New Wafd , HDP , MEP , SDP CDM (RDP , ESDP , Justice ) Tagammu , Conference , EFP , Al-Nour , EPM , EGP
2023 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
El Salvador
Dominant-party
Nuevas Ideas , National Coalition Party , Christian Democratic Party Nationalist Republican Alliance , Vamos
2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Equatorial Guinea
Dominant-party
Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea No parliamentary opposition , Convergence for Social Democracy
2022 (general)
Eritrea
One-party
People's Front for Democracy and Justice
Elections postponed
Estonia
Multi-party
Reform Party , Estonia 200 , Social Democratic Party Conservative People's Party , Isamaa , Centre Party , ERK
2023 (parliament)
Eswatini
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (general)
Ethiopia
Dominant-party
Prosperity Party NaMA , EZEMA , GPDP
2021 (general)
European Union
Multi-party
EPP , PES , ALDE ECR , Patriots.eu , EGP , ESN , ELA , EDP , EFA , PEL , ECPM
2024 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Falkland Islands
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2021 (general)
Faroe Islands
Multi-party
Social Democratic Party , Republic , Progress Union Party , People's Party , Centre Party
2022 (general)
Fiji
Multi-party
People's Alliance , National Federation Party , SODELPA Independents (Ex-FijiFirst )
2022 (general)
Finland
Multi-party
National Coalition , Finns Party , Christian Democrats , Swedish People's Party SDP , Centre Party , The Greens , Left Alliance , Movement Now
2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
France
Multi-party
Ensemble (RE , MoDem , HOR , UDI , PR , EC ), LR , LC , AC NFP (LFI , PS , LÉ , PCF , PP , REV , GRS ), UXD (RN , UDR , IDL ), R&PS
2022 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
French Guiana
Multi-party
DVG , Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise , MDES , Socialist Party DVC , Guiana Rally , The Republicans
2021 (regional)
French Polynesia
Multi-party
Tāvini Huiraʻatira Tāpura Huiraʻatira , A here ia Porinetia , ʻĀmuitahiraʻa o te Nūnaʻa Māʻohi
2023 (legislative)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other Parties
Last election
Gabon
Military junta
CTRI (civilian government suspended)
2023 coup d'état
Gambia
Multi-party
National People's Party , National Reconciliation Party , APRC United Democratic Party , PDOIS
2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Georgia
Dominant-party
Georgian Dream , People's Power CfC (Ahali , Girchi–MF , Droa , Rep ), U–NM (UNM , SA , EG , P&F ), SG (Lelo , FtP , Citizens , FS ), FG , CPG
2024 (parliament)
Germany
Multi-party
Social Democratic Party , Alliance 90/The Greens Union (CDU , CSU ), Free Democratic Party , Alternative for Germany , The Left , BSW
2021 (federal)
Ghana
Two-party
New Patriotic Party National Democratic Congress
2020 (general)
Gibraltar
Multi-party
GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP , LPG )Gibraltar Social Democrats
2023 (general)
Greece
Multi-party
New Democracy Syriza , PASOK–KINAL (PASOK , KIDISO ), KKE , Greek Solution , NA , Spartans , Niki , Course of Freedom
2023 (legislative)
Greenland
Multi-party
Inuit Ataqatigiit , Naleraq Siumut , Democrats , Atassut
2021 (general)
Grenada
Two-party
National Democratic Congress New National Party
2022 (general)
Guadeloupe
Multi-party
GUSR , DVC Plural Left
2021 (regional)
Guatemala
Multi-party
Semilla , Winaq –URNG Vamos , UNE , Cabal , ViVa , Valor , VOS , Todos , PPN , BIEN , Victoria , PA , CE , CREO , Cambio
2023 (general)
Guernsey
Multi-party
Independents Future Guernsey , Guernsey Party
2020 (general)
Guinea
Military junta
CNRD (civilian government suspended)
2021 coup d'état
Guinea-Bissau
Multi-party
PAI–Terra Ranka (PAIGC and others), PRS , PTG Madem G15 (president's party) , Assembly of the People United
2019 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Guyana
Multi-party
People's Progressive Party/Civic APNU +AFC (PNCR and others) (official opposition) , LJP –ANUG –TNM
2020 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Haiti
Multi-party
Transitional non-partisan government ; TPC member parties: FL , OPL , PPD , EDE [fr ] , REN Parliament dissolved ; PHTK , Inite , Haiti in Action , RDNP , Renmen , UNCRH , PFSDH
2016–17 (senate) 2016 (presidential)
Honduras
Multi-party
Liberty and Refoundation , Innovation and Unity Party , Anti-Corruption Party National Party , Liberal Party , Savior Party of Honduras
2021 (general)
Hungary
Dominant-party
Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz , KDNP ), LdU DK–MSZP–P (DK , MSZP , Dialogue , Szikra ), Momentum , Jobbik , Mi Hazánk , LMP , ANPM
2022 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Iceland
Multi-party
Independence Party , Progressive Party , Left-Green Movement Samfylkingin , People's Party , Pirate Party , Liberal Reform Party , Centre Party , The Greens
2021 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
India
Multi-party
NDA (BJP , TDP , JDU , JSP , SHS , RJLP , AD(S) , AJSU , NDPP , NPP , NPF , MNF , SKM , JD(S) , AGP ) INDIA (INC , DMK , AITC , AAP , CPI(M) , SS(UBT) , NCP (SP) , RJD , JKNC , IUML , JMM , SP , CPI , RSP , VCK , KC(M) ) Others (YSRCP , BJD , BSP , BRS , SAD , AIMIM , AIUDF , RLP , AIADMK )
2024 (general)
Indonesia
Multi-party
KIM Plus (Gerindra , Golkar , PKB , PAN , Demokrat ), PDI-P , NasDem , PKS
2024 (general)
Iran
Dominant-party [ c]
Reformists (executive majority)Principlists (legislative+judicial+oversight majority)
2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Iraq
Multi-party
Takadum , State of Law , PDK , Fatah , PUK , Azem , Victory Alliance , Babylon Movement Emtidad , Naway Nwe , Tasmim , National Contract , Ishraq Kanoon , NPI , MDR , others
2021 (parliament)
Kurdistan
Multi-party
Kurdistan Democratic Party , Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Gorran , Naway Nwe , Kurdistan Justice Group , Yekgirtû
2024 (parliament)
Ireland
Multi-party
Fianna Fáil , Fine Gael , Green Party Sinn Féin , Labour Party , Social Democrats , PBP–S , Aontú , Right to Change
2020 (general)
Isle of Man
Multi-party
Independents Labour Party , Liberal Vannin Party
2021 (general)
Israel
Multi-party
Likud , Shas , Mafdal–RZ , UTJ , Otzma , New Hope , Noam Yesh Atid , National Unity , Yisrael Beiteinu , Ra'am , Hadash–Ta'al , Democrats
2022 (legislative)
Italy
Multi-party
Brothers of Italy , League , Forza Italia , Us Moderates , MAIE , DCR , UdC PD–IDP (PD , DemoS , CD ), M5S , Az , AVS (EV , SI , PP ), IV , +E , SVP , ScN , UV
2022 (general)
Ivory Coast
Dominant-party
Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR )PDCI-RDA , Together for Democracy and Sovereignty , UDPCI , FPI
2020 (presidential 2021 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Jamaica
Two-party
Jamaica Labour Party People's National Party
2020 (general)
Japan
Multi-party
Liberal Democratic Party , Komeito Constitutional Democratic Party , Ishin , DPP , Reiwa , Communist Party , Sanseitō , CPJ , SDP
2024 (general) 2022 (upper house)
Jersey
Multi-party [ d]
Independents, Reform Jersey , Jersey Liberal Conservatives Independents, Better Way
2022 (general)
Jordan
Dominant-party [ e]
Pro-monarchy independents , National Charter Party , Eradah Party , Progress Party Islamic Action Front , National Islamic Party , National Union Movement , Communist Party
2024 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Kazakhstan
Dominant-party
Amanat Auyl , Respublica , Aq Jol , People's Party , JSDP
2022 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Kenya
Multi-party
Kenya Kwanza (UDA , ANC , FORD–K , UDM , TSP , MCC , UPIA , UPA , CCK , DP , GDDP , MDG ) Azimio (ODM , Jubilee , WDM–K , DAP–K , KANU , KUP , NOPEU , NAP–K , UDP )
2022 (general)
Kiribati
Two-party
Tobwaan Kiribati Party Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party
2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Korea (DPRK)
One-party
Workers' Party of Korea , other minor parties (KSDP , Chondoist Chongu Party )
2019 (parliament)
Korea (ROK)
Multi-party
People Power Party Democratic Party , Rebuilding Korea , New Reform , Progressive Party , BIP , SDP
2022 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Kuwait
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2024 (general)
Kyrgyzstan
Multi-party
Mekenchil , Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan , Ishenim , Yntymak Eldik , Alliance , United Kyrgyzstan , Light of Faith , SDK , Afghans' Party
2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Kosovo
Multi-party
Vetëvendosje , Guxo , Alternativa , KDTP , NDS , IRDK , Vakat , LPRK , SDU , PAI PDK , LDK , Serb List , AAK , AKR , JGP , RI , GI SPO
2021 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Laos
One-party
Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2021 (parliament)
Latvia
Multi-party
New Unity , Union of Greens and Farmers , The Progressives United List , National Alliance , For Stability! , Latvia First
2022 (parliament)
Lebanon
Multi-party
Acting gov't: FPM , Amal , Hezbollah , PSP , Marada , ARF , Al-Ahbash , Ba'ath , UP , JI LF , Kataeb , Taqaddom , Al Haraka , Tahalof Watani , ReLebanon , Khatt Ahmar , Lana , Osos , NDP , PNO
2022 (general)
Lesotho
Multi-party
Revolution for Prosperity , BAP , AD , MEC , LCD , LPC , HOPE Democratic Congress , ABC , SR , BNP , PFD , BCM , MPS , NIP , UFC , BPP
2022 (general)
Liberia
Two-party
Unity Party Congress for Democratic Change , other small parties
2023 (general)
Libya
Non-partisan
Government of National Unity , Government of National Stability Independents
2014 (parliament)
Liechtenstein
Multi-party
Patriotic Union , Progressive Citizens' Party Free List , Democrats for Liechtenstein
2021 (general)
Lithuania
Multi-party
Homeland Union , Liberal Movement , Freedom Party LVŽS , DSVL , LSDP , DP , LLRA–KŠS , LRP , NA , LKDP
2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Luxembourg
Multi-party
Christian Social People's Party , Democratic Party LSAP , ADR , The Greens , Pirate Party , The Left
2023 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Madagascar
Dominant-party
IRMAR [fr ] (Young Malagasies Determined , ADN , AKFM , AVANA , AVI , MDM, RPSD)Firaisankina [fr ] (TIM , HVM [fr ] , Pro-Siteny , TT , APM ), FIVOI , KOL , Green , GJMP
2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Malawi
Multi-party
Malawi Congress Party , United Transformation Movement , independentsDemocratic Progressive Party , UDF , People's Party , AFORD
2019 (parliament) 2020 (presidential)
Malaysia
Multi-party
PH (PKR , DAP , Amanah , UPKO ) , BN (UMNO , MCA , MIC , PBRS ) , GPS (PBB , PRS , PDP , SUPP ) , GRS (PBS , STAR ) , Warisan , KDM , PBM PN (PAS , BERSATU , GERAKAN ) , MUDA
2022 (general)
Maldives
Multi-party
People's National Congress , Progressive Party , Maldives National Party , Third Way Democrats Maldivian Democratic Party , Maldives Development Alliance , Jumhooree Party
2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Mali
Military junta
Malian Armed Forces (civilian government suspended)
2021 coup d'état
Malta
Two-party
Labour Party Nationalist Party
2022 (general)
Two-party
Independents (Pro-Heine ) Independents (Pro-Kabua )
2023 (general)
Mauritania
Multi-party
Equity Party , AND , El Islah , UDP , El Karama , Nida El Watan , HATEM , HIWAR , El Vadila Tewassoul , Hope Mauritania , Sawab–RAG , AJD/MR , State of Justice
2024 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Mauritius
Multi-party
Labour Party , Mauritian Militant Movement , Nouveau Démocrate , Rezistans ek Alternativ Rodrigues People's Organisation , Alliance Liberation , Militant Socialist Movement , Social Democratic Party
2024 (general)
Mayotte
Multi-party
The Republicans , NÉMA , DVD MDM , Renaissance , DVC
2021 (legislative)
Mexico
Multi-party
Morena , Ecologist Green Party , Labor Party National Action Party , Institutional Revolutionary Party , Citizens' Movement
2024 (general)
Micronesia
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (parliament)
Moldova
Multi-party
Party of Action and Solidarity Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM , PCRM ), Victory (ȘOR –Independents, Revival ), MAN
2021 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Monaco
Multi-party
UNM (Priorité Monaco , Horizon Monaco , Union Monégasque )No parliamentary opposition ; New Ideas for Monaco
2023 (parliament)
Mongolia
Multi-party
Mongolian People's Party , Democratic Party , HUN Party National Coalition (Green Party , MNDP , MLDP ), Civil Will–Green Party
2021 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Montenegro
Multi-party
Europe Now , ZBCG (NSD , DNP ), Democrats , BS , SNP , ASh , UCG , Civic , LDSh [sq ] , FORCA , UDSh Democratic Party of Socialists , United Reform Action , Social Democrats , HGI
2023 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Montserrat
Two-party
United Alliance People's Democratic Movement (official opposition) , Movement for Change and Prosperity
2024 (general)
Morocco
Multi-party
National Rally of Independents , Authenticity and Modernity Party , Istiqlal Party Socialist Union of Popular Forces , Popular Movement , UC –MDS , PPS , PJD , FFD , PSU , AFG
2021 (general)
Mozambique
Dominant-party
FRELIMO PODEMOS , RENAMO , MDM
2024 (general)
Myanmar
Military junta
State Administration Council (civilian government suspended) , USDP , PPP , NDF , KPP , PNO , ZCD , MUP De jure no opposition. General Elections are suspended due to ongoing Myanmar civil war (2021-present) All opposition parties against the Junta were banned. Former ruling party National League for Democracy , which was overthrown by the military coup in 2021 formed National Unity Government with small minor parties, allied with Anti-government armed groups and revolted against the Junta caused the civil war.
2021 coup d'état
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Namibia
Dominant-party
SWAPO PDM , LPM , NUDO , APP , UDF , RP , NEFF , RDP , CDV , SWANU , IPC
2019 (general)
Nauru
Multi-party
Independents, Nauru First Opposition independents
2022 (parliament)
Nepal
Multi-party
NC , CPN (UML) , PSP , LSP-N , NUP , Janamat , PSP-N Socialist Front (CPN (MC) , RSP , CPN (US) , NSP ), RPP , AJP , NWPP , RJM
2022 (general)
Netherlands
Multi-party
PVV , VVD , NSC , BBB GL/PvdA , D66 , CDA , SP , FvD , PvdD , SGP , CU , DENK , Volt , JA21 , 50PLUS , OPNL
2023 (general)
Multi-party
Caledonian Union , FLNKS , L'EO , UNI , LKS , Labour Party Future with Confidence , Caledonia Together , Generations NC
2019 (legislative)
New Zealand
Multi-party
National Party , ACT New Zealand , New Zealand First Labour Party (official opposition) , Green Party , Te Pāti Māori
2023 (general)
Nicaragua
Dominant-party
Sandinista National Liberation Front , YATAMA Constitutionalist Liberal Party , ALN , PLI , CCN , APRE
2021 (general)
Niger
Military junta
CSNP (civilian government suspended) , M62 Movement
2023 coup d'état
Nigeria
Multi-party
All Progressives Congress Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition) , Labour Party , NNPP , APGA , ADC , SDP , YPP , ADP
2023 (general)
Niue
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (general)
Multi-party
Your Macedonia (VMRO-DPMNE , SPM , DPSM ), VLEN (ASh , Besa , LD , AAA , LVV ), ZNAM For a European Future (SDSM , NSDP , LDP ), European Front (BDI , ASh , LP , TDP , THDH ), Levica , PDSh
2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Multi-party
National Unity Party , Democratic Party , Rebirth Party Republican Turkish Party , People's Party
2020 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Norway
Multi-party
Labour Party , Centre Party Conservative Party , FrP , SV , Liberal Party , Red Party , KrF , Green Party , Patient Focus
2021 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Pakistan
Multi-party
PML-N , MQM-P , PML-Q , IPP , PPP , BAP , NP , PML-Z , ANP Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin (PTI , SIC , BNP-M , MWM , PMAP ), JUI-F
2024 (general)
Palau
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2024 (general)
Palestine
Multi-party
PLO (Fatah , PFLP , DFLP , PPP ), National Initiative , Third Way Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip )
2006 (legislative)
Panama
Multi-party
Realizing Goals , Alliance Party , PRD , CD , Panameñista , MOLIRENA , PP Coalición Vamos , Another Way Movement
2024 (general)
Multi-party
Pangu , URP , NA , People's , SDP , PFP , PNGP , ULP , Advance , National , AP , Green , Liberal , MAP , NGP , ODP , PLP , PMC , PPP , PRP , Destiny , THE People's National Congress Party
2022 (general)
Paraguay
Dominant-party
Colorado Party Authentic Radical Liberal Party , National Crusade , Yo Creo , PEN , PPQ , PPS , Guasú Front , PDP
2023 (general)
Peru
Multi-party
Non-partisan government ; Popular Force , Alliance for Progress , Podemos Perú , Free Peru , Popular Action , Magisterial Bloc , We Are Peru Popular Renewal , Together for Peru , Avanza País , Socialist Bloc , Popular Democratic Bloc , Honor and Democracy , First The People
2021 (general) 2022 crisis
Philippines
Multi-party
Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas (Federal Party , Lakas–CMD , NUP , NPC , Nacionalista ), PDP , HNP , LDP , PMP , PRP , UNA , CDP , Aksyon Liberal Party , Makabayan , Akbayan , KNP , Reporma , BUP
2022 (general)
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (general)
Poland
Multi-party
KO (PO , .N , IPL , PZ , T!DPL , AU ), TD (KP , PL2050 ), The Left (NL , UP , PPS )United Right (PiS , OdNowa RP ), Confederation (NN , RN , KKP ), Razem , Kukiz'15 –WiD
2020 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Portugal
Multi-party
Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic Party , CDS – People's Party )Socialist Party , Chega , IL , Left Bloc , PCP , LIVRE , PAN
2024 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)
Puerto Rico
Two-party
Popular Democratic Party New Progressive Party (governor's party) , MVC , PIP , PD
2024 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Romania
Multi-party
PSD–PNL Coalition (PSD , PNL ), PUSL , Ethnic minority parties USR , AUR , UDMR , FD , DREPT , REPER , NR , AD , ROASIT , AMT
2019 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Russia
Dominant-party
United Russia , LDPR (incl. Rodina and Civic Platform ) , A Just Russia – For Truth Communist Party (incl. DPA , DNZS and Left Front ) , New People
2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Rwanda
Dominant-party
Rwandan Patriotic Front Liberal Party , Social Democratic Party , Ideal Democratic Party , DGPR , PSI
2024 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Saint Helena
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2021 (general)
Multi-party
Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party Concerned Citizens' Movement , People's Labour Party , People's Action Movement
2022 (general)
Saint Lucia
Two-party
Saint Lucia Labour Party United Workers Party
2021 (general)
Two-party
Archipelago Tomorrow (LR ) Together for the Future (PRG )
2022 (legislative)
Two-party
Unity Labour Party New Democratic Party
2020 (general)
Samoa
Two-party
Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (incl. Samoa National Democratic Party ) Human Rights Protection Party
2021 (general)
San Marino
Multi-party
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party , Libera –PS , PSD , Reformist Alliance Future Republic , Domani Motus Liberi , RETE Movement
2024 (general)
Multi-party
Independent Democratic Action MLSTP/PSD , MCI/PS -PUN , Basta
2021 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Saudi Arabia
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
No elections
Senegal
Multi-party
PASTEF , Awalé , Avenir Sénégal , MRLD , SET Takku Wallu Sénégal (APR , PDS , Rewmi ), Sàmm sa Kàddu (MTS , LS/MPR ), Jàmm ak Njariñ (PS , AFP ), PUR
2024 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Serbia
Dominant-party
SNS coalition (SPS , PS , SNP , SPO , NSS , SSD ) , SPS , PUPS , SDPS , SPP , SPO , DSHV , VMSZ , JS , ZS –USS –RS , Zeleni PSS , NPS –NLS , NADA (NDSS , POKS ) , ZLF , SRCE , DS , MI–GIN , MI–SN , EU , PSG –SDAS –PVD , USS Sloga
2023 (legislative) 2022 (general)
Seychelles
Two-party
Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party , Seychellois Alliance , SPSJD , SUP )United Seychelles
2020 (general)
Sierra Leone
Two-party
Sierra Leone People's Party All People's Congress
2023 (general)
Singapore
Dominant-party
People's Action Party Workers' Party , Progress Singapore Party
2020 (general)
Sint Maarten
Multi-party
Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement , Democratic Party , Party for Progress [nl ] , Soualiga Action Movement National Alliance , United People's Party , Nation Opportunity Wealth
2024 (general)
Slovakia
Multi-party
Direction – Social Democracy , Voice – Social Democracy , Slovak National Party , NK/NEKA Progressive Slovakia , Slovakia –KÚ –ZĽ –NOVA , KDH , SaS (incl. OKS ) , Democrats
2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Slovenia
Multi-party
Freedom Movement , Social Democrats , The Left Slovenian Democratic Party , New Slovenia , Democrats
2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Multi-party
OUR Party , People First Party , Kadere Party , pro-government independentsDemocratic Party , United Party , Party for Rural Advancement , Umi for Change , Democratic Alliance Party
2024 (general)
Somalia
Multi-party
Union for Peace and Development Party Tayo , Himilo Qaran , Kaah , Wadajir , Ilays
2021–22 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Somaliland
Multi-party
Waddani , Justice and Welfare Party Kulmiye
2024 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
South Africa
Multi-party [ 3]
African National Congress , Democratic Alliance , IFP , PA , VF+ , UDM , Al Jama-ah , Good , PAC , RISE Progressive Caucus (MK Party , EFF , ATM , UAT ) , ActionSA , ACDP , BOSA , NCC
2024 (general)
South Ossetia
Multi-party
Nykhaz , People's Party , Communist Party United Ossetia
2022 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
South Sudan
Dominant-party
Sudan People's Liberation Movement SPLM-in-Opposition , South Sudan Opposition Alliance
2010 (general)
Spain
Multi-party
PSOE , Sumar (SMR, IU , Podemos , CatComú , MM , Compromís , CHA , Més ) , ERC , EH Bildu , EAJ/PNV , Junts , BNG , CCa People's Party , Vox , UPN
2023 (general)
Sri Lanka
Multi-party
NPP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna )Samagi Jana Balawegaya , ITAK , NDF , SLPP , SLMC , MJP , DTNA , ACTC , SLLP
2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Sudan
Military junta
Ongoing war between the Transitional Sovereignty Council and Rapid Support Forces Parliament dissolved , Forces of Freedom and Change , SPLM–N (al-Hilu) , SLM (al-Nur)
Transition to democracy See also: Civil war
Suriname
Multi-party
Progressive Reform Party , General Liberation and Development Party , Pertjajah Luhur National Democratic Party , National Party of Suriname , Brotherhood and Unity in Politics
2020 (general)
Sweden
Multi-party
Moderate Party , Christian Democrats , Liberals , Sweden Democrats Social Democratic Party , Left Party , Centre Party , Green Party
2022 (general)
Switzerland
Multi-party
Swiss People's Party , Social Democratic Party , FDP.The Liberals , The Centre Green Party , Green Liberal Party , Evangelical People's Party , Federal Democratic Union , Ticino League , MCG
2023 (general)
Syria
Dominant-party
National Progressive Front (Ba'ath Party , SSNP , ASU , SCP(B) , NCP , SUP , ADU , SCP(U) , DSU )No parliamentary opposition ; Syrian opposition
2021 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Taiwan (Republic of China) [ f]
Multi-party
Democratic Progressive Party Kuomintang , Taiwan People's Party
2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Tajikistan
Dominant-party
People's Democratic Party , Agrarian Party , Communist Party Party of Economic Reforms , Democratic Party , Socialist Party
2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Tanzania
Dominant-party
Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chadema , ACT–Wazalendo , Civic United Front
2020 (general)
Zanzibar
Dominant-party
Chama Cha Mapinduzi ACT–Wazalendo , ADC , AFP , TADEA
2020 (general)
Thailand
Multi-party
PTP , BJT , UTN , DP , CTP , Prachachat , Kla Tham , CPP , TRP , PPRP –T , NDP People's Party , PPRP –P , TST , FP , TPP , TLP
2023 (general)
Togo
Dominant-party
Union for the Republic ADDI , ANC , DMP , FDR
2020 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Tokelau
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (general)
Tonga
Two-party
Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands , Tongan nobles Independents, Tonga People's Party
2021 (general)
Transnistria
Dominant-party
Obnovlenie No parliamentary opposition ; Transnistrian Communist Party
2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Two-party
People's National Movement United National Congress
2020 (general)
Tobago
Two-party
Tobago People's Party Progressive Democratic Patriots , Tobago Council of the PNM
2021 (legislative)
Tunisia
Dominant-party
Non-partisan government ; 25th of July Movement , Voice of the Republic People's Movement , Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
2024 (president) 2022–23 (parliament)
Turkey
Multi-party
Justice and Development Party , Nationalist Movement Party , HÜDA PAR , DSP CHP , DEM , İYİ , Saadet –Gelecek , DEVA , YRP , DP , TİP , DBP , EMEP
2023 (president) 2023 (parliament)
Turkmenistan
Dominant-party
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan , Agrarian Party , TSTP No parliamentary opposition
2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Two-party
Progressive National Party People's Democratic Movement
2021 (general)
Tuvalu
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2024 (general)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Uganda
Dominant-party
National Resistance Movement National Unity Platform , FDC , Democratic Party , UPC , Justice Forum , PPP
2021 (general)
Ukraine
Multi-party
Servant of the People , Platform for Life and Peace , For the Future , Dovira European Solidarity , Batkivshchyna , Holos , Restoration of Ukraine , Svoboda
2019 (president) 2019 (parliament)
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2023 (parliament)
United Kingdom
Multi-party
Labour Party (incl. Labour Co-op ) Conservative Party (opposition) , Lib Dems , SNP , Sinn Féin , IA , Reform UK , GPEW , Plaid , SDLP , Alliance , TUV , UUP
2024 (general)
Multi-party
Sinn Féin , DUP , Alliance , UUP SDLP , TUV , People Before Profit
2022 (parliament)
Scotland
Multi-party
Scottish National Party Scottish Conservatives , Scottish Labour , Scottish Greens , Scottish Liberal Democrats , Alba Party
2021 (parliament)
Wales
Multi-party
Welsh Labour Welsh Conservatives (official opposition) , Plaid Cymru , Welsh Liberal Democrats
2021 (parliament)
United States
Two-party
Republican Party (majority in U.S. House ) Democratic Party
2024 (general) 2023 (legislative)
Uruguay
Multi-party
National Party , Colorado Party , Cabildo Abierto , Independent Party Broad Front , Sovereign Identity
2024 (general)
Uzbekistan
Dominant-party [ g]
Liberal Democratic Party , Milliy Tiklanish People's Democratic Party , Adolat , Ecological Party
2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Country
Party system
Ruling party or coalition Other parties
Last election
Vanuatu
Multi-party
UMP , RMC , LPV , GJP , NUP , VNDP , Laverwo , Namarakieana Vanua'aku Pati , RDP , Iauko Group , PPP , Nagriamel , PUDP , NCM , VLM , VPDP , UCM
2022 (general)
Vatican City
Non-partisan
Independents (no political parties)
2013 (papal conclave)
Venezuela
Dominant-party
GPPSB (PSUV , PPT , Tupamaro , MSV , PODEMOS , APC , MEP , ORA , UPP )PUD (AD , Copei , UNT , VP , PJ , MPV , Convergencia , EC , La Causa Я , PRVZL
2020 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Vietnam
One-party
Communist Party of Vietnam , Fatherland Front
2021 (parliament)
Multi-party
Virgin Islands Party Progressive Virgin Islands Movement , NDP , Progressives United
2023 (general)
Multi-party
Democratic Party Republican Party , Independent Citizens Movement
2022 (gubernatorial) 2024 (general)
^ All political parties are banned as "un-Islamic". The Taliban is the only legal political force in the current regime.[ 1] [ 2]
^ The Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus asserts that it is an opposition party, but supports the presidency of Alexander Lukashenko nonetheless.
^ Iran's parties must adhere to a religious system of governance .
^ Independent politicians dominate Jersey's political system.
^ Independent pro-monarchy politicians dominate Jordan's political system.
^ See also Political status of Taiwan and One China
^ All registered parties in Uzbekistan are not in opposition to the current government of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev [ 4]
^ Competing factions of the General People's Congress are in charge of different parts of the country in the course of the ongoing civil war . In North Yemen, the Houthi movement -aligned faction loyal to party founder Ali Abdullah Saleh only partially shares power with the movement.[ 5]