Single-8
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Single-8 is a motion picture film format introduced by Fujifilm of Japan in 1965 as an alternative to the Kodak Super 8 format. The company Konan (that developed the Konan-16 subminiature camera) claims in its history page to have developed the Single-8 system in 1959.[1]
Although never as popular internationally as Super 8, the format continued to live in parallel. As of 2023, Fuji is no longer manufacturing Single-8 film.[2] The last 2 film stocks to cease production were Fujichrome R25N, a Daylight Balanced Filmstock, in 2012, and Fujichrome RT200N, which was Tungsten Balanced(3400K) for indoor filming, in 2010.[2]
Details
[edit]Although the film is thinner, the other dimensions of Single-8 such as the sprocket holes and sound track are the same as Super 8. Single-8 can be projected in Super 8 projectors and vice versa. Single-8 comes pre-loaded in B-shaped cartridges, with two separate spools unlike the coaxial system of Super 8. As a result, Single-8 film offered unlimited rewind, whereas Super 8 rewind was limited to several seconds and relied on there being sufficient empty space within the cartridge for the rewound film to pile up inside.
The Single 8 cartridge was designed to use the camera's film gate to hold the film in place during exposure. This contrasted with the Kodak system which had a plastic pressure plate built into the cartridge. It was widely believed by Single 8 enthusiasts that this would offer superior film positioning, but the reality was that Super 8's plastic pressure plate could be moulded with far smaller tolerance than Single 8's metal version could be machined.
It has a polyester base that is thinner than the Kodak films, so splicing the two formats together in a finished film may require adjustment of the projector's focus at the join.
Although never as popular internationally as Super 8, the format continued to live in parallel. As of early 2007, Fuji was manufacturing two versions of Single-8 film. Fujichrome R25N was Daylight Balanced Filmstock, while Fujichrome RT200N was Tungsten Balanced(3400K) for indoor filming. The Sound Film brand is no longer made, although a magnetic sound stripe could be added to the film after processing. This option was chosen whenever sending the exposed film to Fuji in Japan. In addition to Fuji's own film, black and white film is available from Japanese company Retro Enterprises. This Single-8 black & white reversal film, named Retro X, is of ASA/ISO 200 and is manufactured in Germany.
Although Fujifilm stopped exportation of Single-8 Film to other countries, individual companies in the United States and Europe import the filmstock independently. Single-8 is readily available in its home country of Japan where even used cameras can reach high prices in online auctions on Yahoo! Japan. A used Fujica ZC1000, the top-of-the-line Single-8 camera, can fetch prices upwards to 250,000 Japanese yen (approx $2900). Daicon Film of Japan (now Gainax) produced a series of well-known tokusatsu films in the 1980s using Single-8 film, some of which are now available on DVD.
Processing Single-8 Film
[edit]Fuji's Single-8 developing process is not the same as Process EM-26, but is similar. There is more involved in the removal of the remjet antihalation backing than the now long discontinued Kodak Ektachrome Process EM-26 films. The color chemistry, while close, is slightly different, particularly the color development.[citation needed]
It was often recommended to send Fuji Single-8 film to Fujifilm in Japan for processing, however processing ended in 2013.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Kanon History". Konon.com. Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. Retrieved 2006-11-12.
- ^ a b c "Fuji Announces The End of Single-8 Movie Film". Retro Thing. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
External links
[edit]General
[edit](Wayback Machine copy)
- Film formats history
- Info on "Return of Ultraman", movie shot in Single-8 with a Fujica ZC1000 camera. Japanese only.
(Wayback Machine copy)