Abu Hamad
 | This section is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, which was produced in 1911. (June 2016) |
Abu Hamad
أبو حمد | |
|---|---|
  Abu Hamad Location in Sudan | |
| Coordinates: 19°32′36″N 33°20′16″E / 19.54333°N 33.33778°E | |
| Country |  Sudan |
| State | River Nile |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 69 059 |
| • Density | 8,888/sq mi (23,019/km2) |
Abu Hamad (Arabic: أبو حمد, Sudanese Arabic [abuˈħamad]), also spelt 'Abu Hamed', is a town of Sudan on the right bank of the Nile, 345 miles by rail north of Khartoum. It stands at the centre of the great S-shaped bend of the Nile, and from it the railway to Wadi Halfa strikes straight across the Nubian Desert, a little west of the old caravan route to Korosko. The population of Abu Hamad is 69,056.[when?]A branch railway, 138 mi long, from Abu Hamad goes down the right bank of the Nile to Karima in the Dongola mudiria.[1]
A 19th-century traveler described the town:[2]
Abou-Hammed is a miserable village, inhabited by a few hundred Ababdehs and Bishàrees; the desert here extended to the water's edge, while the opposite banks were as green as emerald. There was a large mud fortress, with round bastions at the corners, to the west of the village. It formerly belonged to an Ababdeh shekh [sic] but was then deserted.
The town is named after a celebrated sheikh buried here, by whose tomb travellers crossing the desert used formerly to deposit all superfluous goods, the sanctity of the saint's tomb ensuring their safety.[1]
The Battle of Abu Hamed, a part of the Anglo-Egyptian reconquest of the Sudan, took place near the town on 7 August 1897.[3]
Transport
[edit]In 2023 a new road 450 km long from Abu Hamad to the site of a proposed sea port at abu Amama about 200 km north of Port Sudan.[4]
Climate
[edit]Abu Hamad has an extremely hot and arid desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Summers are long and extremely hot, and winters are warm. Throughout the year, humidity levels are low, and sunshine levels are high.
| Climate data for Abu Hamad (1991–2020, extremes 1909–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.7 (103.5) |
41.2 (106.2) |
46 (115) |
47.0 (116.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
49.0 (120.2) |
49.5 (121.1) |
49 (120) |
47.0 (116.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
43 (109) |
39.5 (103.1) |
49.5 (121.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
39.7 (103.5) |
42.7 (108.9) |
44.1 (111.4) |
42.9 (109.2) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.2 (109.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
4.1 (39.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
4.4 (0.17) |
6.0 (0.24) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.7 (0.03) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
12.7 (0.50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 33 | 26 | 20 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 22 | 25 | 21 | 24 | 30 | 35 | 24 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 306.9 | 285.6 | 319.3 | 318.0 | 325.5 | 321.0 | 319.3 | 297.6 | 267.0 | 325.5 | 306.0 | 313.1 | 3,704.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[6] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abu Hamed". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 78.
- ^ Bayard Taylor (1854), A Journey to Central Africa; or, Life and Landscapes from Egypt to the Negro Kingdoms..., chap. XV
- ^ Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 294.
- ^ new sea port
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Abu Hamad". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Station Abu Hamad" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
19°32′36″N 33°20′16″E / 19.54333°N 33.33778°E
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