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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Ukraine is considered a middle power in global affairs, and the Ukrainian Armed Force is the fifth largest armed force in the world in terms of both active personnel as well as total number of personnel with the eighth largest defence budget in the world. The Ukrainian Armed Forces also operates one of the largest and most diverse drone fleets in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

7 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Zaporizhzhia strikes
Four people are killed and 18 others are injured when Russian guided bombs hit Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Reuters)
6 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
U.S. President Joe Biden announces the expedited granting of more than US$6 billion in military aid to Ukraine prior to president-elect Donald Trump's inauguration in January. (Reuters)
5 November 2024 – Russo-Ukrainian War
Zaporizhzhia strikes
Six people are killed and at least 20 others are injured in a Russian missile strike on Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Ukrainian Defense Ministry claims that its troops had for the first time engaged with North Korean units recently deployed to help Russia. (DW)
4 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Kursk offensive
Ukraine says that its forces have engaged North Korean troops for the first time in Kursk Oblast, Russia. (The Independent)
3 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
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Orange-clad demonstrators gather in the Independence Square in Kyiv on 22 November 2004.

The Orange Revolution (Ukrainian: Помаранчева революція, romanizedPomarancheva revoliutsiia) was a series of protests that led to political upheaval in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005. It gained momentum primarily due to the initiative of the general population, sparked by the aftermath of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election run-off which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and electoral fraud. Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, was the focal point of the movement's campaign of civil resistance, with thousands of protesters demonstrating daily. Nationwide, this was highlighted by a series of acts of civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes organized by the opposition movement.

The protests were prompted by reports from several domestic and foreign election monitors as well as the widespread public perception that the results of the run-off vote of 21 November 2004 between leading candidates Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych were rigged by the authorities in favour of the latter. The nationwide protests succeeded when the results of the original run-off were annulled, and a revote was ordered by Ukraine's Supreme Court for 26 December 2004. Under intense scrutiny by domestic and international observers, the second run-off was declared to be "free and fair". The final results showed a clear victory for Yushchenko, who received about 52% of the vote, compared to Yanukovych's 44%. Yushchenko was declared the official winner and with his inauguration on 23 January 2005 in Kyiv, the Orange Revolution ended. In the following years, the Orange Revolution had a negative connotation among pro-government circles in Belarus and Russia. (Full article...)

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In the news

7 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Zaporizhzhia strikes
Four people are killed and 18 others are injured when Russian guided bombs hit Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Reuters)
6 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
U.S. President Joe Biden announces the expedited granting of more than US$6 billion in military aid to Ukraine prior to president-elect Donald Trump's inauguration in January. (Reuters)
5 November 2024 – Russo-Ukrainian War
Zaporizhzhia strikes
Six people are killed and at least 20 others are injured in a Russian missile strike on Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Ukrainian Defense Ministry claims that its troops had for the first time engaged with North Korean units recently deployed to help Russia. (DW)
4 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Kursk offensive
Ukraine says that its forces have engaged North Korean troops for the first time in Kursk Oblast, Russia. (The Independent)
3 November 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign

Selected anniversaries for November

  • November 11—November 12, 1918 — Battle of Przemyśl was fought between Polish and Ukrainian forces.
  • November 24, 2007 - the official day of remembrance for people who died as a result of Holodomor and political repression.

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