1755 in science
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The year 1755 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
[edit]- Immanuel Kant develops the nebular hypothesis in his Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven (Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels).[1][2]
Chemistry
[edit]- June – Joseph Black's discovery of carbon dioxide ("fixed air") and magnesium is communicated in a paper to the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.[3]
Earth sciences
[edit]- November 1 – An earthquake in Lisbon kills 30,000 inhabitants.
- Publication of De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP, a description of the measurement of a meridian arc carried out in the Papal States by Ruđer Bošković with Christopher Maire in 1750–52.
Life sciences
[edit]- August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof publishes the first record of an amoeba; he names it "der kleine Proteus" ("the little Proteus").[4]
Mathematics
[edit]- Leonhard Euler's Institutiones calculi differentialis is published.[5]
Technology
[edit]
- December 2 – The second Eddystone Lighthouse (1709–1755), with a wooden cone, catches fire and burns to the ground; it will be rebuilt in stone.
- While serving as Postmaster General of the northern American colonies, Benjamin Franklin invents a simple odometer, attached to his horse carriage, to help analyze the best routes for delivering the mail.
- approx. date – Thomas Mudge invents the lever escapement for timepieces.
Awards
[edit]Births
[edit]- January 28 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, Prussian physician, anatomist, paleontologist and inventor (died 1830).
- April 11 – James Parkinson, English surgeon (died 1824).
- June 15 – Antoine François, French chemist (died 1809)
- October 11 – Fausto Elhuyar, Spanish chemist (died 1833).
- October 28 – Jacques Labillardière, French naturalist (died 1834).
- Maria Elizabetha Jacson, English botanist (died 1829).
Deaths
[edit]- May 20 – Johann Georg Gmelin, botanist, natural historian and geographer (born 1709)
References
[edit]- ^ Woolfson, Michael Mark (1993). "Solar System – its origin and evolution". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 34: 1–20. Bibcode:1993QJRAS..34....1W.
- ^ Palmquist, Stephen (1987). "Kant's Cosmogony Re-Evaluated". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. 18 (3): 255–269. Bibcode:1987SHPS...18..255P. doi:10.1016/0039-3681(87)90021-5.
- ^ "Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and Some Other Alcaline Substances", published 1756.
- ^ Rosenhof, R. (1755). Monatlich herausgegebene Insekten-Belustigungen. Vol. 3. p. 621. Archived from the original on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2024-08-23 – via Wayback Machine..
- ^ Ball, W. W. Rouse (1888). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics. London: Macmillan. p. 368.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.