Talk:Reptile

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This article is written in American English, which has its own spelling conventions (color, defense, traveled) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other varieties of English. According to the relevant style guide, this should not be changed without broad consensus.

Amphibians and Reptiles Top‑importance

	Reptile is part of WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles, an effort to make Wikipedia a standardized, informative, comprehensive and easy-to-use resource for amphibians and reptiles. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the project page for more information.Amphibians and ReptilesWikipedia:WikiProject Amphibians and ReptilesTemplate:WikiProject Amphibians and Reptilesamphibian and reptile articles
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	This article is within the scope of WikiProject Tree of Life, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of taxonomy and the phylogenetic tree of life on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.Tree of LifeWikipedia:WikiProject Tree of LifeTemplate:WikiProject Tree of Lifetaxonomic articles
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Section sizes

Section size for Reptile (45 sections)
Section name	Byte count	Section total
(Top)	6,665	6,665
Classification	50	27,189
Research history	11,093	11,093
Phylogenetics and modern definition	4,593	4,593
Taxonomy	2,557	2,557
Phylogeny	6,917	6,917
The position of turtles	1,979	1,979
Evolutionary history	57	26,515
Origin of the reptiles	5,060	5,060
Rise of the reptiles	2,423	2,423
Anapsids, synapsids, diapsids, and sauropsids	6,956	6,956
Permian reptiles	1,529	1,529
Mesozoic reptiles	4,484	4,484
Cenozoic reptiles	6,006	6,006
Morphology and physiology	49	46,674
Circulation	4,616	4,616
Metabolism	6,804	6,804
Respiratory system	5,044	8,494
Turtles and tortoises	3,450	3,450
Sound production	1,296	3,150
Hearing in snakes	1,854	1,854
Skin	1,513	3,651
Shedding	2,138	2,138
Excretion	3,757	3,757
Digestion	4,068	4,068
Nerves	936	936
Vision	3,878	3,878
Reproduction	6,030	6,030
Longevity	1,241	1,241
Cognition	4,205	4,205
Defense mechanisms	649	10,793
Camouflage and warning	3,656	3,656
Alternative defense in snakes	2,070	2,070
Defense in crocodilians	1,913	1,913
Shedding and regenerating tails	2,505	2,505
Relations with humans	64	16,837
In cultures and religions	6,697	6,697
Medicine	3,639	3,639
Commercial farming	4,404	4,404
Reptiles in captivity	2,033	2,033
See also	187	187
Further reading	1,444	1,444
Notes	24	24
References	28	28
External links	1,144	1,144
Total	141,705	141,705

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hartmacl.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:03, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Conservation section

While this is an article on a broad topic that has been around for a long time, there should probably be a section on "Conservation of reptiles". A few sentences from the Turtle#conservation status section could be a starter, while there are plenty of sources for organizations that focus on reptile conservation. Rauisuchian (talk) 07:56, 16 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

OK; intro paragraph 2

Can someone please explain to me the difference between those two definitions? Because as far as I can tell, they're the same. Serendi ^podous 03:19, 11 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

My understanding is that one is a node-based definition (first common ancestor of A and B) and the other a stem-based definition (first ancestor that is not ancestor of C). They define the same living groups but may cover different fossil groups. There might be early diverging fossil reptiles that are covered by the latter (not mammals) but not the former. — Jts1882 | talk 08:58, 11 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Should we make that clear then? Also, shouldn't we make some kind of statement as to why this article, despite the alternative definitions, still goes by the Linnean definition? Serendi ^podous 05:36, 12 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Is this article about the clade Reptilia, or about the paraphyletic group "Reptiles"?

The article begins "Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class or clade Reptilia". (my emphasis)

Well, if so, the article is about "Reptilia", not "Reptiles", which as popularly understood does not include birds.

The article includes a full taxonomy section and a taxobox, which says that the topic being covered is the Class Reptilia, and a phylogeny section, which says that the topic is the Clade Reptilia – which fortunately accords closely with the Class. What it does not accord with is the traditional, popular group "Reptiles", which is distinguished in people's minds from Fish, Amphibians, Birds, and Mammals.

The article's lead however also includes the paragraph (my emphasis in boldface):

"Modern non-bird reptiles inhabit all the continents except Antarctica. Several living subgroups are recognized: Testudines (turtles and tortoises), 361 species;[4][5] Rhynchocephalia (the tuatara from New Zealand), 1 species;[4][6] Squamata (lizards, snakes, and worm lizards), about 11,052 species;[4][5] and Crocodilia (crocodiles, gharials, caimans, and alligators), 27 species.[4][7]"

That seems to imply that the article is about "Reptiles, excluding birds", as it carefully details how many reptile species there are, omitting the thousands of bird species. That accords with the body of the article, which does not cover bird biology or bird relations with humans. Thus both the lead (though it contradicts itself) and the article body seem to be about the popular "Reptiles", not the clade "Reptilia".

Something is very wrong here.

The logical options are

1) to write about the Class/Clade, including Birds, and to rename the article "Reptilia". The lead section and article body then need to be rewritten to include full coverage of Birds, in at least as much detail as, say, the Crocodiles.

2) to accept the Common Name and to write about the paraphyletic "Reptiles", excluding Birds. This would mean rewriting the lead and removing the cladistics, and cutting the taxobox, taxonomy, and phylogeny, all of which apply only to the Class/Clade, not the paraphyletic group.

I guess another option (not sure if it's available) would be

3) to find a way of justifying the first sentence of the lead (quoted above), which effectively redefines "Reptiles" as "Reptilia", contrary to centuries of Common Name usage. The section Reptiles#Phylogenetics and modern definition however fails to do this; at the moment, the first sentence of the lead is therefore WP:OR – an uncited editorial opinion.

I'd say that (2) was a bit drastic, and we'd miss having proper coverage of Reptilia. We can't just say WP:COMMONNAME as that gives an inconsistent answer in this case. (3) would be attractive if possible, but common usage is persistent; people other than evolutionary biologists (and small boys in the museum's Dino gallery) do not think of birds as reptiles. If neither of those work, then (1) is what we have left, Dr. Watson, and we must rename the article to "Reptilia". Chiswick Chap (talk) 08:43, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

P.S. Serendipodous, Hemiauchenia - maybe you have thoughts on this. CC.

The opening sentence is correct that "reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class or clade Reptilia". They are members of the taxon, whether using reptile to exclude birds or not. It needs qualification, something like "birds also evolved from within this class, but are not considered reptiles in the widely understood use of the common name. This article is about reptiles to the exclusion of birds".

Specifically:

Including birds will lead to redundancy unless its a very short section with a hatnote linking the bird article. I think the lede needs to indicate that birds are not covered in some way.
The common name reptile can be used broadly to include birds as well as more widely understood meaning to the exclusion of birds. So reptile is still a valid common name for Reptilia. Even if reptiles was always to the exclusion of birds the taxobox is still necessary. The taxobox is just an infobox with information on the article topic and even if taken strictly to mean an infobox on a taxon, Reptilia is still a taxon even if it has a definition making it paraphyletic. Major systems of taxonomy still use paraphyletic taxa, even though most people would prefer otherwise.
This has to be the approach, but the problem is finding a way that doesn't add a distraction for those wanting to read about reptiles as usually understood. It's hard to be concise and precise as accurate descriptions tend to become wordy. This also becomes difficult within Wikipedia guidelines on the lede summarising the article unless there is a short section.

The lede also states Reptilia is a paraphyletic taxon. This is incorrect. Some definitions might make it paraphyletic, but there are certainly definitions inclusive of birds. My impression is most definitions of the taxon are, although my reading might be biased to cladistic sources.

In short I think the common name title is fine (within Wikipedia restraints) as it can apply to the clade or the more widely understood common name meaning. We just need to find away of concisely explaining the position of birds and why they are covered in a different article. — Jts1882 | talk 09:51, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Um, in that case there is WP:WEASEL-talk in the lead section. The quoted first sentence will sound to 99.99% of readers as a definition, meaning "'Reptiles' is a clade and this article will cover it". Both halves of that reasonable deduction are false: Reptiles, defined as (Reptilia - Aves) is not a clade, and the article does not cover the clade either; but the article is going to elide Reptiles with Reptilia and provide full clade-article phylogeny as if the article were covering a clade. I think that's both confusing and dishonest.

Where I can agree with you is that the lead is self-contradictory and needs rewriting. The least we can do is clean that up, it's a disgrace. Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:57, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

To do that we need to settle on a definition of "reptile", which this article as a whole appears to have done, ie, the old-fashioned Linnaean definition, which is fine. The problem is we can't in all honesty declare that "reptiles are" any one thing, becuase there is at present no fixed idea of what reptiles are. Serendi ^podous 18:39, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Not sure I agree, but if you're right on that, then what you wrote above makes no sense, and we must immediately rename the article to Reptilia, which can at least be offered a time-series of successive definitions. Chiswick Chap (talk) 18:44, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

You seem to be taking it as read that "reptile" means what most people think of when they think of "reptile." which as I said is fine. But we still need a source for that. And given the competing definitions of reptile among reliable sources, I don't see how we could arrive at a single definition of reptile. Serendi ^podous 20:47, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

On the contrary, I'm taking your suggestion that that's the least painful route, in the spirit of compromise. If that's not all right then, for the third time of asking, we need to rename the article to Reptilia. Then we can say directly that the article is about the class, and then we go into the issue of what clade exactly that might mean. I think that's the only intellectually honest thing to do if we're going to keep all the clade stuff and phylogeny in the article, but you keep circling around it. Chiswick Chap (talk) 21:09, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I don't see how it will make any difference to change the name. If we are discussing the class reptilia than that is synonymous with the standard definition of reptile. I do not know where the idea of a reptilia clade even comes from. As far as I'm aware the cladistic name for this group is sauropsida and the idea of making a reptilia clade isn't actually established. Serendi ^podous 21:15, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Reptilia is well established under a number of definitions, e.g. Gauthier (1988, 1995), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and deBraga and Rieppel (1997). This is discussed in the The Phylogenetic Definition of Reptilia by Modesto & Anderson (2004), who discuss the problems the uncertain position of turtles was causing various definitions, especially if using a crown definition. They end up giving a stem-based (total group) definition for Reptilia which gives it the same content as Sauropsida and argue Reptilia has precedence and familiarity. — Jts1882 | talk 15:46, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Well it will make a large difference to the article, and towards avoiding total confusion among our readership, if we give the article a defensible name rather than a non-clade that is or isn't a decent class, and which may or may not be covered in full in the article, or rather... etc etc. In short, it's a shambles as it is, and a solid, defensible name will make all the difference, as it'll give the article a definable scope, and we can then ensure that all parts of it match that scope. At the moment we have an article at war with itself.

Now, as to this new cladistic spanner you've just thrown in the works, I'd be happy with Sauropsida if that's the choice, but there actually seem to be several clades we could select in the cladogram, and Sauropsida isn't one of them, maybe you can explain why that is. The lead's facile class=clade Reptilia is simply mistaken (how long has that been there, no, don't tell me). It's plainly no good going for a class-name that doesn't work as a clade. I'm a bit astonished that we have "Reptilia" as not one but two clades in the cladogram (obviously that does sound like a bit of a problem), along with the promising-sounding "Eureptilia" (maybe we should use that...) and indeed we have the choice of Romeriida and Diapsida too. Perhaps getting the inconsistency in the cladogram sorted out would be a good start. Or if you are confident it's fine as it is (i.e. you're dropping the Sauropsida idea), then we just have to pick one of the clades in the tree to define the article's scope. Chiswick Chap (talk) 21:33, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I think the name is fine as it is, and I am a reptile taxonomist and paleontologist, the most accurate descriptor is non-avian reptile for the group most people assume is reptiles. However if you change it most people will not understand and many will disagree, whether rightly or wrongly. I would prefer to accept the name people understand for the purposes of mainspace, and then explain the situation within the article to educate people. The higher order phylogenetics of these groups is hardly even established so its easier just to explain it. Cheers Scott Thomson (Faendalimas) ^talk 23:00, 16 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Scott, ok. I already began to move the lead in that direction. You are certainly also right that "Non-avian reptile" will not work as an article title. In that case the least we can do is

1) remove the inconsistency in the lead

2) correct the cladogram. Chiswick Chap (talk) 08:43, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I've tried a redraft to clarify the diffrerence between "class" and "clade". Serendi ^podous 12:21, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks for giving it a go on the lead text (item 1). It's better than it was, and perhaps slightly less slippery. The cladogram (item 2) remains an issue. Chiswick Chap (talk) 14:50, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Another issue

The listing under taxon claims to be following the classification in Benton's Vertebrate Palaeontology (2005, 2014). It follows neither and seems to be a synthesis from a variety of other sources. If a list is to be given, and I think a list of major groups should be there, it should follow the stated source. I can edit this to match Benton (2014). Or is there a newer classification that could be used?

I also note Benton uses Linnean ranks with a class Reptilia that includes birds, so the dichotomy between Linnean taxonomy with paraphyletic Reptilia (excluding birds) and cladistic Reptilia (including birds) as stated in the lede is inaccurate and seems to be reliant on the dated Colin Tudge quote. That section of the lede should be removed as this edit summary by Chiswick Chap suggests. — Jts1882 | talk 14:48, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, that bit's wrong, as is the cladogram. I expect it isn't following the cited source either. 2014 sounds very old given the speed of genomics and cladistics nowadays. Chiswick Chap (talk) 14:54, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I've checked the cladogram against the source and, surprisingly, it follows it closely. These large cladograms are often edited beyond recognition from the originals. The changes I see are that some genera are replaced by family or other group names and one genus which is outside its group taxon omitted.

What is your problem with the cladogram? Do you think it too complicated for this general page on reptiles, in which case we could reduce some branches (e.g. don't expand Parareptilia, lump some stem taxa) or do you think the source is outdated, in which case we need another source? — Jts1882 | talk 16:17, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

On my cell right now. However, considering this is a page about higher group "reptiles" you could restrict the cladogram to no higher than sub order. I would suggest following linaean groups as best as possible as they are used by all checklists and international organisations. This is unlikely to change and introducing too many terms not internationally recognised is problematic. Scott Thomson (Faendalimas) ^talk 16:52, 17 May 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Incorrect information

In a bing knowledge panel provided by Wikipedia, it described reptiles as a type of bird which, of course, is not correct. 47.187.236.39 (talk) 03:31, 14 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Have you tried to comprehend why the article say it? (CC) Tbhotch^™ 19:12, 16 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Birds are dinosaurs

Therefor, birds are reptiles. If I could get leading experts in the field to state that for you on video would you allow conversation on the subject again?

It seems strange to have a Wikipedia edit page so biased against acknowledging this- is there anti evolution bias at play or what’s the deal?

Science changes, you should adapt your information as it does. 2600:1702:1CF0:1150:899:C22A:95FC:9E8E (talk) 18:24, 30 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Have you tried reading beyond the introduction? (CC) Tbhotch^™ 18:27, 30 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

The source is also from 1994 - a time when the idea of feathered theropods was still controversial. Blatantly inaccurate and outdated information. 2605:59C8:4065:3A10:2058:4401:CC46:F25F (talk) 22:35, 21 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Lead reads like a parody

“in common parlance, are a group of tetrapods with an ectothermic”. That is NOT common parlance! 😂 82.36.70.45 (talk) 16:43, 14 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

info on birds needed

This article includes a classification of reptiles which includes birds, and yet they are notably absent from most of the sections in the article. Someone should probably go in and add information about birds to these sections. Since that classification is used, it would probably make more sense to lead with the definition of reptiles which includes birds first, and mention the alternate definition which does not in the second paragraph where the more taxonomically accurate definition currently is. 23.93.196.35 (talk) 22:42, 29 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

That classification is mentioned, it is not used. This article uses the definition in the lead sentence. Serendi ^podous 09:36, 30 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Fair enough, I would argue that we should use the more accurate classification, then. 204.58.180.206 (talk) 20:00, 30 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Biology studies

Structure of mammalian heart 102.147.207.3 (talk) 20:34, 8 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Legless lizard how to take care of legless lizard

Facts to take care of legless lizards and how to feed it and what it need take care of it to survive 97.101.84.5 (talk) 16:34, 8 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]