Jump to content

Boğaziçi University

Coordinates: 41°05′01″N 29°03′02″E / 41.083556°N 29.050598°E / 41.083556; 29.050598
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Boğaziçi University
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi
Former names
Robert College (1863–1971)
TypePublic
Established1863; 161 years ago (1863)
RectorMehmet Naci İnci[1]
Academic staff
890[2]
Administrative staff
751[2]
Students16,497 [2]
Undergraduates13116[2]
Postgraduates3,381[2]
2618[2]
Location
Istanbul
,
Turkey
Campus7 campuses [2], 1.93 square kilometres (477 acres)[2]
Language
  • English[3]
  • Turkish
ColoursLight blue and dark blue   
Affiliations
Websitebogazici.edu.tr

Boğaziçi University (Turkish: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi), also known as Bosphorus University,[5] is a prominent public research university in Istanbul, Turkey, historically tied to a former American educational institution, Robert College. Robert College was the first American college to be founded outside the United States.[5] The main campus of Boğaziçi University is located on the European side of the Bosphorus strait. It has seven faculties and two schools offering undergraduate degrees and seven institutes offering graduate degrees. Traditionally, the language of instruction is English.[6]

Boğaziçi University is a center of attraction for students who excel in the nation-wide entrance examination, as well as for distinguished faculty.[7] Its liberal approach has fostered an interdisciplinary and international research environment, and the peaceful coexistence of different lifestyles and worldviews.[8]

History

[edit]
Boğaziçi University main campus
Boğaziçi University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty building

In 1863, Robert College was founded in Bebek by Christopher Robert, a wealthy American philanthropist, and Cyrus Hamlin, a Congregational missionary devoted to education.[9][10] Six years after its foundation, the first campus (the current-day Boğaziçi South Campus) was built on the ridge near Rumeli Hisarı (the Rumelian Castle) with the permission of Sultan Abdulaziz.[9]

According to a college catalogue compiled for the 1878–1879 academic year, "the object of the College is to give to its students, without distinction of race or religion, a thorough education equal in all respects to that obtained at a first-class American college and based upon the same general principles."[11]

After Cyrus Hamlin, the college was administered by George Washburn (1877–1903) and Caleb Gates (1903–1932).[9] The college, which was established as an institution of higher learning independent of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) yet holding a significant number of missionaries among its faculty in its earlier years, adopted an entirely secular and non-denominational educational model in 1923 in compliance with the new republican principles of Turkey.[12]

Before 1971, Robert College, had junior high school, high school, and university sections under the names Robert Academy, Robert College, and Robert College Yüksek ('Yüksek" meaning "high" in Turkish). In 1971, the Bebek campus and academic staff of Robert College were turned over to the Republic of Turkey to be transformed into a public university named Boğaziçi University, the renamed continuation of Robert College's university section (i.e. Robert College Yüksek). The rest of Robert College moved into the Arnavutköy campus of the American College for Girls; despite continuing to call itself a college it became merely a high school."[13]

On September 10, 1971, Robert College bequeathed today's South Campus of 118 acres, including buildings, the library, laboratories, and all facilities and personnel, to the Turkish government. Boğaziçi University was officially established as a Turkish public university. Since then, the university has gradually transformed from a small liberal arts college into a major research university.[6]

Robert College 1880

Democratic Governance

[edit]

At its inception, the university had a president and an administration, which was answerable to councils and committees made up of faculty members. All faculty, both senior and junior, attended the general assemblies, where important questions were discussed and decisions were made.[14]

The 1980 Turkish coup d'état affected participatory democracy at universities negatively, as it did many other institutions. During the years of martial law, Boğaziçi University was under the administration of a rector externally appointed by the newly established Council of Higher Education. During the normalization of politics in the post-coup period, faculty members of BU proposed a system for the election of the rector in 1992. Accordingly, the faculty members were to elect the rector. The Council of Higher Education accepted this model for all Turkish universities with a slight modification, whereby the names of the three candidates with the highest votes were to be submitted to the Council of Higher Education. The council was to turn in one of these names, preferably the candidate with the highest vote, to the President of Turkey for appointment.

To ensure that their candidate with the highest vote would be appointed as rector, upon request from the BU faculty, the rector candidates accepted an informal agreement to reject the appointment, in the case they did not come in first and their name was the one submitted to the President.[15][16]

Seizure of Power

[edit]

In 2016, the President did not appoint the Boğaziçi University candidate who received 86% of the votes but instead appointed Mehmed Özkan, the deputy of the former elected rector. Nevertheless, Özkan subsequently received a vote of confidence from the faculty.

The top-down appointment of Melih Bulu, an external candidate with close ties to the Justice and Development Party, on January 2, 2021 represented a radical and unprecedented intervention in the university's governance.[17][18] Resistance and acts of protest by faculty, students, and alumni immediately followed.[19][20][21] More than 150 students were detained.[22] The new rector dismissed the earlier faculty deans to appoint himself or candidates from outside the university to their positions.[23]

Bulu was dismissed from the rectorship by President Erdoğan on July 15, 2021.[24] Following this, Naci İnci, another government-backed contender was appointed to the office, despite receiving a 95% no confidence vote and the existence of 17 alternative candidates approved by the faculty.[25][26]

The imposition of Bulu and İnci as rectors in spite of outspoken opposition from the faculty signaled a political takeover of Boğaziçi.[27] The extensive executive powers granted to rectors under the Higher Education Law[28] (which were de facto never implemented at Boğaziçi University due to its democratic governance history and institutional practice) mean that the university has become a microcosm of the country's one-man rule.[29]

On June 4, 2024, the Constitutional court of Turkey, the highest court in the land, nullified the decree that allowed Erdoğan to appoint rectors.[30][31] The annulment decision will come into force after 12 months, and the Turkish Grand National Assembly will have to make new legal regulations within this period.[32] Nevertheless, on August 16, without waiting for any new regulation by the Parliament, Erdoğan appointed rectors to 13 universities. It has been noted that the appointed names were close to the government or directly from the AK Party.[33]

Student and faculty resistance continues unabated in spite of legal bans.[34] As of 2024, daily protest vigils had taken place for more than 1,000 days.[35][36]

Administrative and Academic Interventions

[edit]

Unprecedented academic interventions followed immediately after the appointment of the first imposed rector Melih Bulu who initiated a set of operations to transform the university's modus operandi.[37] Such interventions continue in an accelerated manner under the second imposed rector, Naci İnci, since July 15, 2021.[38][39][40]

According to reporting by the Arab Studies Institute, “Decades-long procedures and rules concerning meetings, agenda setting, voting, and approval of minutes were consistently violated, Senate and Executive Board members being muted during on-line meetings and being treated with disrespect. Casting multiple votes to obtain favorable results in meetings became regular practice.”[41]

Two new faculties and a graduate institute have been established by decree of the President of the State: the Faculty of Law,[42] Faculty of Communication,[43] and the Institute for Data Science & Artificial Intelligence.[44] Other faculties have been reorganized or disbanded.[45][46] Notably, in spring 2024, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences was split in two, despite the unanimous objection of all the affected department heads.[47]

In retaliation to the protests against the interventions of the new administration, a series of investigations were initiated against full- and part-time academicians, as well as retired and emeritus professors.[48][49][50] Several faculty members were banned from teaching and entering the campus for months. The contracts of a number of teaching staff were not renewed; in cases taken to court, court decisions in favor of academicians were disregarded by the administration. The contracts of a number of academicians (both foreign and Turkish) were annulled. A number of retired and emeritus professors were banned from teaching and prohibited from entering the campus.[51][52]

Across virtually all faculties and academic units, duly elected faculty and administrators have been purged, with deans, department chairs, and vice-chairs removed from office and replaced by appointment.[53][54][55] These purges have continued into 2024.[56][57] As many as 100 new faculty members have been added outside of normal protocols.[58][59][60]

There has been significant and unprecedented disruption of both teaching and research activities. Notably, the administration has prevented the faculty from determining which classes will be taught, and by whom.[61] In 2022, the offices of many research centers were evicted with very little or no notice. Belongings of the centers - files, documents, equipment, research projects, etc.-  were put in trash bags and dumped in remote locations on the campus.[62]  The centers thus removed from their offices include The Istanbul Mathematical Sciences Center,[63][64][65] Peace Education Application and Research Center,[66] and Social Policies Forum, the Archive and Documentation Center (staff dismissed, archives transferred to the university library and documentation center),[67][68] Byzantine Studies Research Center (despite donation from an international funding agency for hosting various activities and supporting researchers and students), Human Development Research Center (while organizing an international conference), the Nazım Hikmet Arts and Culture Research Center and Telecommunications and Informatics Technologies Research Center.[69][70]

On June 10, 2022, four professors from the university's Council of Information Technologies revealed the violation of General Data Protection Regulation rights of 60,000+ Boğaziçi members (students, academicians, personnel, and graduates).[71] The whistleblowers have been met with reprisal including campus bans, lawsuits, and attempts to bar them from public service.[72][73][74][75][76] Additional accusations of technical mismanagement have stemmed from an arbitrary and disruptive change to the university's domain name.[77]

Finally, the seizure of the university also affected the institutional support system of the university such as the Boğaziçi Alumni Association[78] which has been expelled from its social center in the main campus[79][80] and the Boğaziçi University Foundation which has been taken over by the appointed administration by virtue of the right given to the rector by the original Trust Deed to periodically introduce new trustees.[81][82]

Intervention in Campus and Student Life

[edit]

Since immediately after Bulu's appointment, the university's campuses have been constantly surrounded by armed vehicles and police forces. The presence of increasing numbers of security personnel and plainclothes police officers in the campus is coupled with the installation of hundreds of surveillance cameras around the university premises.[83]

Except for select members of pro-government media organizations, journalists are not allowed on the campuses. More than a hundred individuals with ties to Boğaziçi University, alumni, retired and emeriti faculty members, have been blacklisted by the appointed administration and are not allowed to enter the institution. A 2023 decision by the rectorate prohibited all retired and emeriti faculty members who are not currently teaching any courses from entering the university grounds. These measures have led to a serious depopulation of the campuses.[84][85][86] As of July 2024, the situation had escalated to the point that even members of the Turkish parliament were being barred from attending ceremonies on campus.[87]

Student life is being closely monitored by the usurping administration, with many students subjected to disciplinary investigation and punishment,[88][89] and many student club activities constrained or censored. Especially vulnerable were members of the student LGBTI+ community, whose student club was banned, activities censored, and group members criminalized.[90][91][92] In June 2023, the majority of student club offices located at a central dorm building located on the main campus (South Campus) were forcefully removed by security forces, and club facilities were relocated to a building situated at the fringes of the campus.[93][94]

One policy element of the new regime is gender segregation of dorms[95] and their removal from central campus grounds; as of Fall 2023, the South Campus has been exclusively reserved for women's dorms. Gyms and pools have also had new rules instituted mandating gender segregation.[96][97]

While the layout and texture of the historical core of the university remains intact, heavy security measures and police presence has had the effect of depopulating the campus and minimizing student socialization. Students, who made Boğaziçi a hub of vivid social and cultural activity, now prefer to spend time outside the campus grounds. Peaceful student demonstrations have been interrupted with force, as imposed rectors allowed anti-terror teams on the university grounds, resulting in the detainment and arrest of many students on different occasions.[98][99]

Resistance, Protests, and Solidarity

[edit]

The ongoing resistance to the seizure of administrative control, which began with the 2021 Boğaziçi University protests, has received support through declarations and awards by national and international academic institutions and associations. The violations of academic freedom at the university have received significant attention in the media as well.[100][101]

Several mainstream TV channels have covered the resistance extensively on prime time news programs. Many TV stations have interviewed faculty members about the resistance. Many academicians have published articles in national and international press discussing the resistance and its rationale.[39][102][103][104][105][106]

The means of resistance of the faculty members include refusal to cooperate with the imposed administration, daily vigils, weekly bulletins, lawsuits, public statements, departmental joint declarations, open courses and presenting and defending the BU case at international conferences and academic associations.[107][108][109][110] Over 200 lawsuits have been filed against the appointed administration, including those by individuals, deans, and academic departments.[111]

Alumni of Boğaziçi University have supported the resistance by joining the vigils, organizing various events and public declarations.[112] A large number of national and international institutions,[113][114] as well as individuals including Noam Chomsky, David Harvey, and Judith Butler[115][116] have acknowledged and expressed their support for the resistance of Boğaziçi University.

Campus

[edit]
The Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Boğaziçi University South Campus Washburn Hall

Boğaziçi University operates on seven campuses in Istanbul. Four of these campuses (South Campus, North Campus, Hisar Campus, and Uçaksavar Campus) are within walking distance to each other on a hill above the affluent district of Bebek on the European side of Istanbul, overlooking the Bosphorus (hence the name). All these campuses have been subject to major physical and functional transformations, with Uçaksavar Campus being reduced to a soccer field, after the §Seizure of Power.

The South Campus is considered to be the most popular Boğaziçi University Campus. It houses various historic buildings of Robert College, including Hamlin, Washburn, Theodorus, Dodge, Albert Long and Anderson Halls as well as the Kennedy Lodge, named after John F. Kennedy, and currently serving as a welcoming facility for visiting professors and staff.[117]

The North Campus is home to Aptullah Kuran Library, which contains more than 740,000 printed books, 800,000 e-books, 55,000 e-journals as well as an extensive collection of Braille books, and a collection of rare books and manuscripts.[118][119] However, in 2023 the building was evacuated and will be demolished due to earthquake risk.[120] As of 2024, open shelf access has been suspended and library services minimized.

The Kandilli Campus is on the opposite side of the Bosphorus in Çengelköy, and hosts the historic Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI).[121]

The Kilyos Sarıtepe campus, located on the Black Sea coast, is home to a private beach. It is the first self-sufficient university campus in the world, meeting all of its electricity demands from its own wind power plant.[122]

In 2022, the Anadolu Hisarı Campus, which was previously under the administration of Marmara University, was transferred to Boğaziçi University.[123]

South Campus Rectorate Building

Dormitories

[edit]
Washburn Hall at Boğaziçi University Main

The university has ten dormitories on its different campuses. Boğaziçi's First Men's and Women's Dorms are housed in some of the oldest buildings in the historic South Campus and offer students the chance to participate in the university's active social life.

There are also four dormitories on Boğaziçi's North Campus. The First and Second North Campus Dormitories were opened in 198, the former for female students, the latter for males. They have similar 1980s modernist architectural designs. The Third North Campus Dorm was opened for female students in 2010. The Fourth Dormitory of the North Campus has been in service since 2011, and mainly accepts graduate students.

The Kilyos Campus Dormitories are approximately one hour's drive away from Boğaziçi South and North campuses. The First Kilyos Dormitory serves female students while the Second Kilyos Dormitory is for males.

The Superdorm and Kandilli Dorms also provide accommodation to Boğaziçi University students. The Kandilli Dormitory for female students opened in 2017 on the Kandilli Campus. The waste water collected from the bathrooms at the Kandilli Dorm is reused in the toilet reservoirs after treatment.[124]

International rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
CWUR World[125]645 (2020–21)
CWTS World[126]1074 (2020)
QS World[127]514 (2024)
THE World[128]601–800 (2021)
USNWR Global[129]=197 (2021)
Regional – Overall
QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia[130]13 (2022)

Boğaziçi University ranks first in Turkey and 197th internationally according to U.S. News & World Report 2021 Best Global Universities Rankings,[131] and shares the fifth rank among Turkish universities according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2021 (internationally: 601 – 800).[128]

Music and sports festivals

[edit]
Taşoda Festivali

Taşoda Music Festival is organized by Boğaziçi University Music Club every spring. It is the most important amateur music festival held in Turkey and takes its name from Music Club's studio at the South Campus.[132]

Every May the Boğaziçi Sports Festival is held at the South Campus and other university venues. Usually, some 300 to 800 students from all over the world come to compete in various events.[133]

Departments offering bachelor's degrees

[edit]

Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Boğaziçi University

Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Faculty of Education

Faculty of Engineering

Faculty of Managerial Sciences[134]

School of Foreign Languages

  • Advanced English
  • English Preparatory Division
  • Modern Languages Unit

Faculty of Law[135]

Faculty of Communication

Institutes offering graduate programs

[edit]

Institute for Graduate Studies in Sciences and Engineering

Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History

Institute of Biomedical Engineering

Institute of Environmental Sciences

Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute

Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences

Vocational School of Hotel Management

  • Tourism Administration Program (secondary education)

Institute for Data Science & Artificial Intelligence[136]

Other Units

Independent centers

[edit]
  • Asian Studies Center
  • Boğaziçi University Center for European Studies
  • Boğaziçi University Center for Psychological Research and Services
  • Byzantine Studies Research Center
  • Center for Economics and Econometrics
  • Istanbul Center for Mathematical Sciences (IMBM)
  • Mithat Alam Film Center
  • Nafi Baba Sufism, History, and Cultural Heritage Research Center
  • Nazım Hikmet Culture and Arts Research Center
  • Peace Education and Research Center
  • Polymer Research Center
  • Sustainable Development and Cleaner Production Center (SDCPC)

Student clubs

[edit]

Notable alumni

[edit]
Main category: Boğaziçi University alumni

Notable faculty

[edit]

Rectors

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nin yeni rektörü Prof. Dr. Mehmet Naci İnci oldu". 21 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "About BU - Facts and Figures". Boğaziçi University Website. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  3. ^ "The University". boun.edu.tr. Boğaziçi University. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017. The language of instruction at BU is English
  4. ^ "Our founding universities". The European University of Brain and Technology. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Boğaziçi University". Times Higher Education (THE). 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Boğaziçi University - History of Boğaziçi University". 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ^ "2019 taban puanları | Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Tanıtım Sitesi". 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  8. ^ "Boğaziçi University - About BU". 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. ^ a b c "History of Boğaziçi University". Boğaziçi University Website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  10. ^ Freely, John (2012). A Bridge of Culture: Robert College-Boğaziçi University. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  11. ^ "Robert Kolej, Amerikan Kız Koleji, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Arşivi". Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Arşiv ve Dokümantasyon Merkezi. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  12. ^ Freely, John (2012). A Bridge of Culture: Robert College-Boğaziçi University. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  13. ^ "About Robert College". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  14. ^ Gall, Carlotta (1 February 2021). "Prestigious Istanbul University Fights Erdogan's Reach". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  15. ^ "Türkiye'de rektörlük seçimleri 75 yılda nasıl değişti? 2016 sonrası atamalar üniversiteleri nasıl etkiledi?". BBC News Türkçe (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  16. ^ Tuncer, Abdullah Murat (2022). "Election as a Rector Appointment System in Turkish Universities; Academic freedom or autonomy?". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 06 (4): 273–276. doi:10.47772/ijriss.2022.6417. ISSN 2454-6186.
  17. ^ "Students and faculty at top Turkish university battle Erdogan's attempt at control". The Washington Post. No. February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  18. ^ "The High Stakes of Turkey's University Protests". No. 9 February 2021. Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  19. ^ "Prestigious Istanbul University Fights Erdogan's Reach". The New York Times. No. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  20. ^ "Student protests grow as Turkey's young people turn against Erdoğan". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  21. ^ "Istanbul university students clash with police over rector appointment". The Guardian. No. 6 January 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  22. ^ "Protests at top Turkish university trigger more than 150 arrests". The Irish Times. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  23. ^ SCF (2 February 2022). "Boğaziçi University rector appoints himself as faculty dean in controversial move". Stockholm Center for Freedom. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  24. ^ "Turkey reverses controversial appointment of university rector". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  25. ^ English, Duvar (23 August 2021). "Boğaziçi University protests Erdoğan's appointment of yet another unwanted rector". Duvar English (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  26. ^ "Boğaziçi University academics react to appointment of Naci İnci as new rector". Ahval. 28 August 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  27. ^ Pehlivan, Clare (18 March 2024). "The High Stakes of Turkey's University Protests". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  28. ^ "2547 Higher Education Law". www.lawsturkey.com. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Turkey: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  30. ^ Dixon, Emily (26 June 2024). "Turkish academics doubt court ruling will limit president's power". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  31. ^ "EUA encourages Türkiye to reform the appointment of university rectors following Constitutional Court decision". www.eua.eu. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  32. ^ "AYM, Cumhurbaşkanı'nın rektör atama ve Merkez Bankası Başkanı'nı süresi dolmadan görevden alma yetkisini iptal etti". BBC News Türkçe (in Turkish). 4 June 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  33. ^ "Eğitim-Sen'den rektör atamalarına tepki: Üniversiteleri siyasi iktidarın memuru haline getirme çabası". Politikyol (in Turkish). Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  34. ^ Minute, Turkish (2 June 2023). "Boğaziçi students protest despite ban after Erdoğan's election victory". Turkish Minute. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  35. ^ "Boğaziçi University resistance left three years behind: 'We are standing up for an ideal'". bianet.org. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  36. ^ "Bogazici University protest vigil still going strong after more than 1,000 days of 'resistance'". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  37. ^ "Eski AKP'li vekil adayının Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne rektör atanmasına tepki: Melih Bulu'nun kayyum olarak atandığını öğrendik". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  38. ^ "Son dakika: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi ve Marmara Üniversitesi'nin yeni rektörleri belli oldu". Ahaber (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  39. ^ a b Akarun, Lale (12 January 2023). "Bir kurum nasıl tahrip edilir? Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nin tasfiyesi". Yetkin Report (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  40. ^ "62 weeks, 430 days | Resistance at Boğaziçi University continues". bianet.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  41. ^ جدلية, Jadaliyya-. "International Call for Solidarity: Boğaziçi University Academics Begin the 2021 Fall Term Under Assault". Jadaliyya - جدلية. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  42. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne Hukuk Fakültesi kurulması yargıya taşındı". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 14 April 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  43. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde iletişim fakültesi muamması - Diken" (in Turkish). 21 July 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  44. ^ Merkezi, Haber (10 October 2022). "Danıştay savcısı, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ndeki enstitü kurulma kararının da anayasaya aykırı olduğu yönünde görüş bildirdi". Medyascope (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  45. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi yönetiminden yeni karar: Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi ikiye bölündü". bianet.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  46. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi 'kayyım yönetimi'nden fakültelerle ilgili yeni plan - Diken" (in Turkish). 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  47. ^ "Aradığınız sayfa bulunamadı - 404". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  48. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, akademisyenleri hapis ve para cezasıyla tehdit etti - Diken" (in Turkish). 10 July 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  49. ^ "Disciplinary investigation against Boğaziçi University faculty members". bianet.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  50. ^ Oksijen, Gazete (9 January 2023). "Boğaziçi'ndeki sessiz protestoya katılan akademisyenlere disiplin soruşturması". Gazete Oksijen (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  51. ^ "Boğaziçi'nin emekli akademisyenlerinin kart iptaline yargı freni". Artı Gerçek (in Turkish). 25 September 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  52. ^ "Boğaziçi akademisyeni Murat Gülsoy'un üniversiteye girişi yasaklandı". birgun.net (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  53. ^ Merkezi, Haber (11 February 2022). "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde görevden alınan üç dekanın yerine yapılan atamalar yargıya taşındı". Medyascope (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Boğaziçi psikoloji bölüm başkanı gerekçesiz görevden alındı" (in Turkish). 1 August 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  55. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ndeki 29 bölümden ortak açıklama: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü'ne yapılan atama kabul edilemez!". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  56. ^ "Aradığınız sayfa bulunamadı - 404". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  57. ^ "Boğaziçi'nde üç ana bilim dalı başkanından ikisi görevden alındı". Gazete Oksijen (in Turkish). 4 April 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  58. ^ S.Nebil, Fusun (14 February 2024). "Boğaziçi'nden Paraşüt Hoca Bülteni". Türk İnternet (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  59. ^ "1929 yılında çıkarılan 1416 sayılı yasa ile Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne tepeden inme atama yapılıyor: Arka kapıdan kadrolaşma". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 22 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  60. ^ "Boğaziçi'ne 70 'paraşüt akademisyen' atanmış". birgun.net (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  61. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi yönetimi bazı sanat derslerini onaylamadı". Susma24 (in Turkish). 7 September 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  62. ^ Duvar, Gazete (12 September 2023). "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi: Bilimi çöp poşetine koyup, 45 metrekareye sığdırdılar". Gazete Duvar (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  63. ^ "EMS | Istanbul Center for Mathematical Sciences". euromathsoc.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  64. ^ "İstanbul Matematik Bilimleri Merkezi (IMBM) kapatıldı". turkmath.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  65. ^ "News from the AMS". American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  66. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Barış Eğitimi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi boşaltıldı". Artı Gerçek (in Turkish). 19 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  67. ^ Duvar, Gazete (9 March 2022). "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Arşiv ve Dokümantasyon Merkezi boşaltıldı". Gazete Duvar (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  68. ^ "Naci İnci, Boğaziçi Arşiv ve Dokümantasyon Merkezi'ni kapattı". bianet.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  69. ^ Özlen, Gizem (9 December 2023). ""İşte bu oldu…" Boğaziçi Üniversitesi TETAM laboratuvarı çöp poşetlerine doldurularak boşaltıldı!". Tele1 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  70. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi TETAM'la ilgili asılsız iddiaları çürüttü". Haber7 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  71. ^ "'Boğaziçililerin bilgilerini erişime açan rüşvet şüphelisi müdür' haberimize sansür! - Diken" (in Turkish). 24 June 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  72. ^ "Boğaziçi'nden üç ay daha uzaklaştırılan Prof. Tuna Tuğcu: Net bir gerekçeleri yok - Diken" (in Turkish). 15 September 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  73. ^ "Boğaziçi'nde veri skandalını ortaya çıkaran Tuğcu: Rektör, kamu görevinden çıkarılmamı talep etti". Artı Gerçek (in Turkish). 3 December 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  74. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi sunucularını dışarıya taşımak için ihale". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  75. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Genel Sekreteri Hasan Fehmi Topal hakkında 'muhbirlik' iddiası". Gazete Duvar (in Turkish). 7 November 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  76. ^ Merkezi, Haber (8 July 2022). "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde haklarında uzaklaştırma kararı verilen dört akademisyenden üçü göreve iade edildi". Medyascope (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  77. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde her şey sil baştan: Kayyum yönetimi hocaları isyan ettirdi". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 27 January 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  78. ^ "bumed.org.tr – Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Mezunlar Derneği" (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  79. ^ "Hülya Cesur: BÜMED'i Boğaziçi kampüsünden koparmak için lokali alıyorlar". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  80. ^ "Boğaziçi mezunları karara rağmen kampüse alınmadı". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  81. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde 'vakıf' operasyonu: 98 atama -" (in Turkish). 24 July 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  82. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Vakfı'na şimdi de 'denetim kurulu' operasyonu - Diken" (in Turkish). 19 December 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  83. ^ "Boğaziçili Öğrencilere Polis Müdahalesi: 12 Gözaltı". sivilalanarastirmalari (in Turkish). 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  84. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne girişi engellenen emekli akademisyenlerden toplu dava - Diken" (in Turkish). 17 July 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  85. ^ "Boğaziçi mezunları kampüse yine alınmadı; turnike kartları geçersiz kılındı, basın mensupları kampüsten uzaklaştırıldı: "Yine hukuksuzluk süreci yaşıyoruz!"". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  86. ^ "Boğaziçi yönetiminden kara liste: En az 142 kişinin okula girişi yasak - Diken" (in Turkish). 1 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  87. ^ "Füsun Sarp Nebil | Teknopolitik". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  88. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde Naci İnci'yi protesto eden dört öğrenciye bir yıl denetim - Diken" (in Turkish). 7 June 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  89. ^ English, Duvar (6 July 2023). "Turkish court sentences 4 Boğaziçi University students to jail over protest of appointed rector". Duvar. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  90. ^ "The 'new Boğaziçi University': Censorship, surveillance and LGBTI+phobia". bianet.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  91. ^ "LGBTI film screening banned at Boğaziçi University | Sessiz Kalma". www.sessizkalma.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  92. ^ "Boğaziçi rector suspends activities of student film club over LGBTI+ movies". bianet.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  93. ^ "Turkey: Student clubs in campus forcibly evacuated by security guards and police". Gercek News. 18 August 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  94. ^ "Campus security evacuate Boğaziçi students from club rooms using brute force". Duvar. 18 August 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  95. ^ "Boğaziçi yurtlarında karma dönem bitiyor". Sol (in Turkish). 19 September 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  96. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi havuzunda 'harem-selamlık' dönemi - Diken" (in Turkish). 17 October 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  97. ^ "Boğaziçi spor salonlarında cinsiyet ayrımı". Eğitim Ajansı (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  98. ^ "2022-05-20 Boğaziçi University". Scholars at Risk. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  99. ^ "Boğaziçi'nde şiddet: Yaka paça gözaltı". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 10 July 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  100. ^ "Turquie: comment Erdogan tente de contrôler le monde universitaire". Le Figaro (in French). 20 August 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  101. ^ "A Istanbul, les enseignants du " Harvard turc " protestent contre la mainmise du pouvoir sur les universités". Le Monde.fr (in French). 27 May 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  102. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi mücadelesi ve seçimler: Unutmamak üzerine". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  103. ^ Akarun, Lale (14 December 2023). "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nin yasını tutmak". Yetkin Report (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  104. ^ "Bir kurum yıkılırken: Örnek bir vaka olarak Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümü". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  105. ^ "Üniversite nedir? Bilim nedir? Bilimsel özgürlük nedir?". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  106. ^ Bilgiç, Taner (9 May 2023). "Why the fate of Turkish higher education hinges on the country's general election". Nature. 617 (7960): 225. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-01548-2. PMID 37161013.
  107. ^ "Boğaziçi'nde '300'üncü gün' bildirisi: Direnmekten hiç vazgeçmedik - Diken" (in Turkish). 5 November 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  108. ^ "Hocalardan 'öğrencime dokunma' eylemi". Milliyet (in Turkish). 24 December 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  109. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde 353 akademisyenden ortak açıklama". Gazete Oksijen (in Turkish). 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  110. ^ Şenol, Rona (4 January 2023). "Dünyada örneği olmayan direniş: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi | Bir problemi çözmeye bir ömür adayan akademisyenler anlatıyor". Medyascope (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  111. ^ "Boğaziçi University | Academics file a lawsuit over multiple votes". bianet.org. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  112. ^ "Boğaziçi mezunlarından açıklama: Çöküşü izliyor musun?". Gerçek Gündem (in Turkish). 15 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  113. ^ "Devecioğlu: Ödülümü Boğaziçi Direnişi hocalarına, Gezi Davası tutuklularına adıyorum". bianet.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  114. ^ "Letter regarding ongoing violations at Bogazici University". Middle East Studies Association. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  115. ^ "16 imzalı bildiri: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi tehdit altında - Diken" (in Turkish). 30 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  116. ^ "Chomsky, Harvey ve Butler dahil 1169 akademisyenden Boğaziçi'ne destek - Diken" (in Turkish). 22 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  117. ^ "Boğaziçi University – South Campus". Boğaziçi University Web. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  118. ^ "About the Library". Boğaziçi University Library Website. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  119. ^ "Library". Boğaziçi University Website. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  120. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Aptullah Kuran Kütüphanesi yıkılıyor" (in Turkish). 1 April 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  121. ^ "Kandilli Observatory – History". Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  122. ^ "First clean energy, self-sufficient campus in the world". No. 14 January 2015. Daily Sabah. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  123. ^ "Marmara Üniversitesi kampüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne tahsis edildi". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). 18 February 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  124. ^ "Dormitories". Boğaziçi University Website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  125. ^ "World University Rankings 2020-2021". Center for World University Rankingsg. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  126. ^ "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020". Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  127. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2021". Top Universities. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  128. ^ a b "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  129. ^ "U.S. News Education: Best Global Universities 2021". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  130. ^ "QS World University Rankings-Emerging Europe & Central Asia". Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  131. ^ "U.S. News Education: Best Global Universities 2021". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  132. ^ "BÜMK Caz Orkestrası" (in Turkish). boun.edu.tr. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  133. ^ "Boğaziçi University Sports Fest". Boğaziçi University Sports Fest Website. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  134. ^ "Boğaziçi University - Faculty of Managerial Sciences". bogazici.edu.tr. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  135. ^ "Boğaziçi University - Faculty of Law". bogazici.edu.tr. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  136. ^ "Graduate Programs | Institute for Data Science & Artificial Intelligence". dsai.bogazici.edu.tr. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  137. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Bilişim Kulübü – Compec". compec.org. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  138. ^ "BUMATEK". bumatek.boun.edu.tr. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  139. ^ "Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Spor Kurulu". Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Spor Kurulu. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  140. ^ "Guinness World Records – First solo circumnavigation of the globe using human power". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  141. ^ "Guinness World Records – First Person to Row Three Oceans". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  142. ^ "The end of democracy in Turkey?". The Hertie School. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  143. ^ "Murat Ulker". Forbes. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2015.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ata, Ranan. 2006. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde Sonbahar. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Çıracıoğlu, Vecdi and Mustafa Baykan. 2013. Bilim Yolunda 100 Yıl: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Freely, John. 2012. A Bridge of Culture: Robert College-Bogazici University: How An American College in Istanbul Became A Turkish University. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Freely, John. 2009. A History of Robert College. Istanbul: YKY.
  • Hamlin Cyrus, 2014. Among The Turks – My Life and Times. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları (Originally published separately by Robert Carter & Brothers, New York, 1878; and Congregational School and Publishing Society, Boston and Chicago, 1893).
  • Kuran, Aptullah, 2013, Bir Kurucu Rektörün Anıları: Robert Kolej Yüksekokulu'ndan Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'ne. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Washburn, George. 2012. Fifty Years in Constantinople and Recollections of Robert College. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları (Originally published by Houghton Mufflin Company, Boston and New York, 1909).
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boğaziçi University.

41°05′01″N 29°03′02″E / 41.083556°N 29.050598°E / 41.083556; 29.050598

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boğaziçi_University&oldid=1254002850"